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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which is constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made out of earth and sand.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To build their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are observable, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the gut of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort multiple nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels used as strong points, as the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly protected chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive types, like the ones of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that begin from the ground. These shield tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a period of high humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide have a peek at this website high humidity and darkness and permit employees to accumulate food sources that cannot be accessed in any other manner.197 All these passageways are made from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but may extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their own wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted supply of food and moisture.200;Their custom of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them in your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 i thought about this species possess an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.